Achievers Journal of Scientific Research

APPLICATION OF MOVE FAULT ANALYSIS MODEL FOR PREDICTING FAULT SEALS IN ‘SWAN’ FIELD NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA

P.H. Ayefohanne — 2024-05-14

Fault seal analysis is utilized to evaluate the degree of interconnection within a specific reservoir due to fault segments, which
is crucial for reservoir management and productivity assessments in the Niger Delta region. This study aims to assess fault seal
integrity in the „SWAN‟ field in the Niger Delta to improve hydrocarbon recovery. Well logs and 3D seismic data were
employed for this study. Various factors influencing fault seal, such as fault throw, lithology of the hanging wall and footwall,
and shale gouge ratio, were analyzed using MOVE software. These analyses helped determine the potential of faults to impede
hydrocarbon flow into and out of the mapped reservoirs. Three horizons were identified (labeled H1, H2, and H3), with only
two faults (Faults 5 and 13) intersecting all three horizons. In the SWAN 5 well, the throw of the reservoir bed along the fault
plane is 763.5m, resulting in a robust seal with an average shale gouge ratio (SGR) of 44%. In SWAN 7, SWAN 10, and
SWAN 11 wells, the throw of the reservoir beds ranges from 731.2m to 816.9m, with SGR values indicating moderate sealing
conditions (ranging from 35% to 36%). The lithological arrangements observed include shale on sand, sand on sand, and shale
on silt. The findings suggest a significant proportion of the fault plane is effectively sealed, potentially impeding fluid flow
through fault gouges. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights for reservoir management and strategies to
enhance hydrocarbon recovery in the Niger Delta's SWAN field.

FARM LEVEL ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY OF RICE PRODUCTION IN LGA’S OF NIGER STATE, NIGERIA

A.O. Ojumu — 2024-05-14

Rice is a staple food crop in Nigeria, the demand for rice has been increasing at much faster rate in Nigeria than in other West
African countries since the mid- 1970s. For example, Nigeria‘s per-capita rice consumption level has grown significantly at
7.3% per annum, rising from 18kg in the 1980s to 22kg in 1990s but production rate is relatively low. The low productivity is
mostly attributed to allocative inefficiency. Allocative efficiency (AE) considers farmers‘ ability to allocate resources
efficiently, by producing the maximum possible output at minimum cost. Increasing AE requires an understanding of the
specific sources of inefficiency that vary across farm enterprises, geographically and temporally. This research will help to
discover how farmers can increase production of rice so that there will be less amount invested in importation of rice, in
addition it will also be useful for policy intervention. A cross-sectional study was carried out in some selected local
government in Niger state, Nigeria to assess the sources of farm-level allocative inefficiency in rice production using the Data
Envelopment Approach System. Data were collected from a random sample of 120 smallholder rice farmers. Results show that
the mean AE was 42.9%. Land ownership, Area cultivated, Gender, and Quantity of Fertilizer used had significant effects on
AE. We recommend adoption of technologies such as the use of ox-ploughs to enable farmers plough large area of land for
rice cultivation and reallocation of farm resources especially quantity of fertilizer used and gender balance.

The Quality of Nurses’ Relationships with Patients and their Relatives in the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria: A Qualitative Study

E.E. Anyebe — 2024-05-06

Nurses, patients and patients‟ relatives engage in a continuous interaction in the hospital setting. Such interaction is expected
to be supportive, educative and therapeutic. The extent to which the nurse communicates with patients and their relatives
should lead to transaction, goal attainment, effective nursing care, and satisfaction. Anchored on the Peplau’s Interpersonal
theory, this study explored the views of nurses, patients, and patients‟ relatives on the level of nurse-patient and nurse-patient
relatives‟ relationships, and the level of satisfaction with the nursing care and its associated factors at an Accident and
Emergency (A&E) Unit of a Teaching Hospital in North-Central Nigeria. Using a cross-sectional survey design, an in-depth
interview guide was used to collect data from 17 purposively selected participants (seven nurses of different ranks, five
patients, and the one relative each of these patients). Interviews were audio recorded. Following transcription, data were
analyzed thematically. Levels and satisfaction with nurse-patient relationship were rated differently: below average by the
nurses, but relatively more satisfactory by most patients. However, both nurses and patients‟ relatives described nurse-patient
relatives‟ relationship as dissatisfactory, with its potential and actual effects on patient care. Communication barriers, poor
interpersonal skills, poor nursing staff: ratio shortage and the nature of Emergency Room are factors affecting interpersonal
relationship of nurses with patients and their relatives. Improved communication, nurse-patient ratio, quality of care,
interpersonal relationship skills training for nurses and orientation of patients and relatives are recommended to enhance
therapeutic relationships.

ANALYSIS OF A SIMPLE RADAR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION

A.S. Oluwole — 2024-05-06

Radar communication systems have been widely used for various applications, including military surveillance, weather
monitoring, and air traffic control. This research focuses on the concept of simple radar communication systems, which offers
an accessible and practical solution for short-range communication needs. This aim of this research is to explore the
fundamental principles and components of simple radar communication systems, how radar works by emitting radio frequency
(RF) waves and analyzing their reflections to detect objects and gather information about their range, velocity, and direction.
The architecture of a simple radar communication system which includes the transmitter, receiver, and signal processing
components were used to execute the project. The research also addresses the challenges associated with interference,
multipath propagation, and signal processing techniques to mitigate these issues in simple radar communication systems. This
project aims to critically the design and construct a simple radar communication system which include an Arduino nano, an
SG90 servo motor, an HY-SRF05 ultrasonic sensor, a 1602 LCD display, switches, LED’s, Resistors, Lithium-ion batteries,
boost converter and RF modules and its adapters. Radar communication systems employ the same basic principles as
traditional radar systems, which are primarily used for object detection, ranging, and tracking. However, in the case of radar
communication, the transmitted signals contain data or information that is intended for communication purposes.

AN ENERGY-EFFICIENT WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FOR TELEMETRY OPERATION: A CASE STUDY OF CARDIOVASCULAR PROBLEM

A.S. Oluwole — 2024-05-06

An Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the first diagnostic tool a medical practitioner uses to measure the electrical and imucular fitness of an individual heart. The use of ECG is so important because heart-related diseases are silent killers. In recent times, advancement and the further development of wearable devices and ECG sensors have made it possible to continuously measure and analyze the electrocardiogram and myocardium signals of the heart. However, it requires significant training and adeptness to interpret the recorded ECG correctly and effectively. An energy-efficient wireless sensor infrastructure for improved operation of cardiovascular problems in the development economy using the concept of fog technology was presented. The ECG data was collected from Federal Medical Center Umuahia Abia State, Nigeria. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) at first to perform preprocessing of ECG data to eliminate noise from motion artifacts, power line interference, and high frequency sources, followed by the undecimated Wavelet Transform (UWT) at first to extract relevant features, which are of high interest to a cardiologist. The proposed system classifies a recorded heartbeat into four classes, namely Normal Beat, Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC), Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC), and Myocardial Infarction. The study found that processing and analyzing health data at the fog resulted in total energy savings of 36% and 52% when compared to conventional processing.

Biosurfactant Production by Some Microbes Isolated from Some Departmental General Offices at the University of Ilorin

D.O. Adetitun — 2024-05-06

Air contains large number of microorganisms including bacteria and fungi and their estimation is important as an index of
cleanliness for any particular environment. Ability of a microorganism to produce biosurfactant is an indicator of its
hydrocarbon degradation capability. The air microflora of five different offices at the faculty of Life Sciences in the University
of Ilorin was examined by exposing plates on nutrient agar and potato dextrose agar at different locations in the offices. The
bacterial load obtained ranged from 20,445 to 24,849 cfu/m3 whiles the fungal load ranged from 5,269 to 10,144 cfu/m3
. A
total of 6 bacterial and 10 fungal species were isolated at varying frequency of distribution. The bacteria isolated were
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus varians, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus circulans, Staphylococcus aureus and
Bacillus subtilis. The most predominant bacterial isolate was Staphylococcus aureus while the least was, Bacillus circulans.
The fungi isolated were Aspergillus niger, Penicillum chrysogenum, Cladosporium herbarum, Aspergillus nidulans, Mucor
mucedo, Geotrichum candidum, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizopus stolonifer. The predominant fungal isolate was
Aspergillus niger while Fusarium oxysporum was the least predominant. The highest emulsification index was observed in
Pseudomonas aureginosa with an E24% of 50% using crude oil as its carbon source. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus
Bacillus subtilis showed promise oof biosurfactant production and hence petroleum biodegradation. This will be explored
further in our next study. Most of the microorganisms are opportunistic pathogens especially in immunocompromised
individuals. Therefore, proper air sanitation is advised in offices to prevent infection.