Patterns of Managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Shifting Landscape from Historical to Future Perspective

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. The management of T2DM is deeply rooted in history and has undergone significant transformations in its management across time. As a result, this study aims to describe the historical, current and future perspectives of T2DM management. This review article is extracted from published studies and the following keywords were used to search the electronic databases of Medline, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar: patterns of managing type 2 diabetes mellitus, history of t2dm management, current management of T2DM and future perspective of T2DM management. In order to include the variables indicated in this study purpose and give the review article more credibility, the date range for the literature search was 2012 to 2024. The study revealed the historical context of managing T2DM from the antiquity era to be extreme restrictive carbohydrate diet. The current perspective to managing T2DM includes the use of insulin, continual glucose monitoring, lifestyle modification, natural remedies and anti-diabetes oral drugs. Furthermore, the review also revealed future perspective to managing T2DM were identified to be natural remedies, combination therapy and individualized interventions. Diabetes has remained one of the most challenging health problems in the 21st century accounting for a global presence. The management has however evolved significantly over time, driven by historical discoveries, current advancements, and future innovations and by incorporating these advancements, promising prospects ensue to improve T2DM patients’ outcome and reduce the burden of T2DM on global health systems.